085-HANO-0008
» Citation URL: http://vegbank.org/cite/urn:lsid:cvs.bio.unc.edu:observation:16063-{7708B4A6-2FDB-44EC-A4E4-23191D5207A8} » Citing info
Plot ID Fields:
Author Plot Code	085-HANO-0008
Author Observation Code	085-HANO-0008
Location Fields:	MAP: Google | Yahoo | TopoZone | MapQuest
Location Accuracy	25 m
Confidentiality Status	100 km radius (nearest degree)
Latitude	38 º
Longitude	-78 º
State or Province	Virginia
Named Places	county: Hanover region|state|province: Virginia
Layout Fields:
DSG Polygon	20 x 50 m
Area	1000 m²
Permanence	not permanent
Environment Fields:
Elevation	60 m
Slope Aspect	(n/a, flat) º
Slope Gradient	0 º
Topographic Position	plain/level/bottom
Landform	alluvial flat/alluvial terrace/floodplain
Hydrologic Regime	non-tidal - seasonally flooded
Soil Moisture Regime	subhygric
Soil Drainage	poorly drained
Methods Fields:
Observation Start Date	01-Jun-2006
Observation End Date	01-Jun-2006
Project	Virginia Heritage
Cover Method	Carolina Vegetation Survey
Stratum Method	No Strata
Stem Size Limit	2.5 cm
Method Narrative	releve Virginia Division of Natural Heritage, see http://www.dcr.virginia.gov/natural_heritage/documents/nh_plotform_instructions.pdf
Overall Taxon Cover Values are Automatically Calculated?	no
Stem Observation Area	1000 m²
Plot Quality Fields:
Plot Validation Level	(2) classification plot: sufficient for inclusion in a classification revision
Overall Plot Vegetation Fields:
Tree Height	28 m
Shrub Height	6 m
Field Height	1 m
Tree Cover	80 %
Shrub Cover	40 %
Field Cover	90 %
Misc Fields:
Observation Narrative	A beautiful, mature, Quercus palustris-dominated backswamp covering ca. 1.5 ha along the South Anna River. A 1000 sq. m. releve was sampled to capture the full range of variation. The stand is somewhat savanna-like, with an open understory and dense herb layer dominated by sedges, particularly Carex typhina, C tribuloides, C. louisianica, and C. lupulina. Ludwigia palustris patch-dominates linear drainage channels that are flooded for longer periods. There is little recruitment of overstory oaks in the stand; Liquidambar styraciflua, Ulmus americana, Acer rubrum, and Fraxinus pennsylvanica are the principal understory trees. Fauna community: broad headed skink and tree frog calls. -1000mz plot to capture canopy diversity. Forested floodplain with scattered large Quercus palustris. Younger portions of stand lack large oaks and are dominated by Liquidambar styraciflua and Acer rubrum with higher frequency of Betula nigra and Platanus occidentalis. Field layer is dense (graminoid dominated) with robust Carexes - many species. Open shrub layer. Regeneration of Quercsu species in field and shrub layers.

Taxa occurring on this plot-observation
Change plant label: --Choose a value-- Author's plant name Original Interpretation, full Scientific Name Original Interpretation, Scientific Name without authors Original Interpretation, USDA Code Original Interpretation, Common Name Current Interpretation, full Scientific Name Current Interpretation, Scientific Name without authors Current Interpretation, USDA Code Current Interpretation, Common Name
Change Strata Shown: --choose one-- show strata (no strata on this plot) show overall cover show strata + overall
ord Author Plant Name Original Interpretation, full Scientific Name Original Interpretation, Scientific Name without authors Original Interpretation, Common Name Original Interpretation, USDA Code Current Interpretation, full Scientific Name Current Interpretation, Scientific Name without authors Current Interpretation, Common Name Current Interpretation, USDA Code Stratum Cover Original Cover Code Basal Area Biomass Inference Area Stems: Stem Diameters (graphically): 1 Quercus palustris Quercus palustris **   Quercus palustris **   Quercus palustris **   Quercus palustris **   Quercus palustris **   Quercus palustris **   Quercus palustris **   Quercus palustris **   -all-   62.5 % 8       DBH DBH err Ht. Ht. Err # 3.75 cm ± 1.25 cm     6 stem(s) 17.5 cm ± 2.5 cm     1 stem(s) 37.5 cm ± 2.5 cm     1 stem(s) 42.5 cm ± 0.5 cm     1 stem(s) 56.5 cm ± 0.5 cm     1 stem(s) 62.5 cm ± 0.5 cm     1 stem(s) 64.5 cm ± 0.5 cm     1 stem(s) 67.5 cm ± 0.5 cm     1 stem(s) 2 Carex typhina Carex typhina **   Carex typhina **   Carex typhina **   Carex typhina **   Carex typhina **   Carex typhina **   Carex typhina **   Carex typhina **   -all-   62.5 % 8       -none- 3 Liquidambar styraciflua Liquidambar styraciflua **   Liquidambar styraciflua **   Liquidambar styraciflua **   Liquidambar styraciflua **   Liquidambar styraciflua **   Liquidambar styraciflua **   Liquidambar styraciflua **   Liquidambar styraciflua **   -all-   37.5 % 7       DBH DBH err Ht. Ht. Err # 3.75 cm ± 1.25 cm     1 stem(s) 7.5 cm ± 2.5 cm     1 stem(s) 12.5 cm ± 2.5 cm     2 stem(s) 17.5 cm ± 2.5 cm     2 stem(s) 22.5 cm ± 2.5 cm     3 stem(s) 27.5 cm ± 2.5 cm     5 stem(s) 32.5 cm ± 2.5 cm     4 stem(s) 42.5 cm ± 0.5 cm     1 stem(s) 44.5 cm ± 0.5 cm     1 stem(s) 4 Ulmus americana Ulmus americana **   Ulmus americana **   Ulmus americana **   Ulmus americana **   Ulmus americana **   Ulmus americana **   Ulmus americana **   Ulmus americana **   -all-   37.5 % 7       DBH DBH err Ht. Ht. Err # 3.75 cm ± 1.25 cm     8 stem(s) 7.5 cm ± 2.5 cm     3 stem(s) 12.5 cm ± 2.5 cm     1 stem(s) 22.5 cm ± 2.5 cm     2 stem(s) 57.5 cm ± 0.5 cm     1 stem(s) 5 Carex tribuloides Carex tribuloides **   Carex tribuloides **   Carex tribuloides **   Carex tribuloides **   Carex tribuloides **   Carex tribuloides **   Carex tribuloides **   Carex tribuloides **   -all-   17.5 % 6       -none- 6 Acer rubrum Acer rubrum **   Acer rubrum **   Acer rubrum **   Acer rubrum **   Acer rubrum **   Acer rubrum **   Acer rubrum **   Acer rubrum **   -all-   17.5 % 6       DBH DBH err Ht. Ht. Err # 3.75 cm ± 1.25 cm     7 stem(s) 7.5 cm ± 2.5 cm     3 stem(s) 12.5 cm ± 2.5 cm     3 stem(s) 32.5 cm ± 2.5 cm     1 stem(s) 37.5 cm ± 2.5 cm     1 stem(s) 48.5 cm ± 0.5 cm     1 stem(s) 7 Ilex decidua var. decidua Ilex decidua var. decidua **   Ilex decidua var. decidua **   Ilex decidua var. decidua **   Ilex decidua var. decidua **   Ilex decidua var. decidua **   Ilex decidua var. decidua **   Ilex decidua var. decidua **   Ilex decidua var. decidua **   -all-   7.5 % 5       DBH DBH err Ht. Ht. Err # 3.75 cm ± 1.25 cm     17 stem(s) 7.5 cm ± 2.5 cm     1 stem(s) 8 Ludwigia palustris Ludwigia palustris **   Ludwigia palustris **   Ludwigia palustris **   Ludwigia palustris **   Ludwigia palustris **   Ludwigia palustris **   Ludwigia palustris **   Ludwigia palustris **   -all-   7.5 % 5       -none- 9 Carex louisianica Carex louisianica **   Carex louisianica **   Carex louisianica **   Carex louisianica **   Carex louisianica **   Carex louisianica **   Carex louisianica **   Carex louisianica **   -all-   7.5 % 5       -none- 10 Fraxinus pennsylvanica Fraxinus pennsylvanica **   Fraxinus pennsylvanica **   Fraxinus pennsylvanica **   Fraxinus pennsylvanica **   Fraxinus pennsylvanica **   Fraxinus pennsylvanica **   Fraxinus pennsylvanica **   Fraxinus pennsylvanica **   -all-   7.5 % 5       DBH DBH err Ht. Ht. Err # 3.75 cm ± 1.25 cm     2 stem(s) 7.5 cm ± 2.5 cm     1 stem(s) 17.5 cm ± 2.5 cm     1 stem(s) 22.5 cm ± 2.5 cm     2 stem(s) 11 Lysimachia nummularia Lysimachia nummularia **   Lysimachia nummularia **   Lysimachia nummularia **   Lysimachia nummularia **   Lysimachia nummularia **   Lysimachia nummularia **   Lysimachia nummularia **   Lysimachia nummularia **   -all-   3.5 % 4       -none- 12 Betula nigra Betula nigra **   Betula nigra **   Betula nigra **   Betula nigra **   Betula nigra **   Betula nigra **   Betula nigra **   Betula nigra **   -all-   3.5 % 4       DBH DBH err Ht. Ht. Err # 7.5 cm ± 2.5 cm     1 stem(s) 22.5 cm ± 2.5 cm     3 stem(s) 32.5 cm ± 2.5 cm     1 stem(s) 13 Carex lupulina Carex lupulina **   Carex lupulina **   Carex lupulina **   Carex lupulina **   Carex lupulina **   Carex lupulina **   Carex lupulina **   Carex lupulina **   -all-   3.5 % 4       -none- 14 Alisma subcordatum Alisma subcordatum **   Alisma subcordatum **   Alisma subcordatum **   Alisma subcordatum **   Alisma subcordatum **   Alisma subcordatum **   Alisma subcordatum **   Alisma subcordatum **   -all-   1.5 % 3       -none- 15 Toxicodendron radicans Toxicodendron radicans **   Toxicodendron radicans **   Toxicodendron radicans **   Toxicodendron radicans **   Toxicodendron radicans **   Toxicodendron radicans **   Toxicodendron radicans **   Toxicodendron radicans **   -all-   1.5 % 3       DBH DBH err Ht. Ht. Err # 7.5 cm ± 2.5 cm     1 stem(s) 16 Carex grayi Carex grayi **   Carex grayi **   Carex grayi **   Carex grayi **   Carex grayi **   Carex grayi **   Carex grayi **   Carex grayi **   -all-   1.5 % 3       -none- 17 Ulmus alata Ulmus alata **   Ulmus alata **   Ulmus alata **   Ulmus alata **   Ulmus alata **   Ulmus alata **   Ulmus alata **   Ulmus alata **   -all-   1.5 % 3       DBH DBH err Ht. Ht. Err # 3.75 cm ± 1.25 cm     1 stem(s) 7.5 cm ± 2.5 cm     1 stem(s) 18 Carex stipata Carex stipata **   Carex stipata **   Carex stipata **   Carex stipata **   Carex stipata **   Carex stipata **   Carex stipata **   Carex stipata **   -all-   1.5 % 3       -none- 19 Cephalanthus occidentalis Cephalanthus occidentalis **   Cephalanthus occidentalis **   Cephalanthus occidentalis **   Cephalanthus occidentalis **   Cephalanthus occidentalis **   Cephalanthus occidentalis **   Cephalanthus occidentalis **   Cephalanthus occidentalis **   -all-   1.5 % 3       -none- 20 Boehmeria cylindrica Boehmeria cylindrica **   Boehmeria cylindrica **   Boehmeria cylindrica **   Boehmeria cylindrica **   Boehmeria cylindrica **   Boehmeria cylindrica **   Boehmeria cylindrica **   Boehmeria cylindrica **   -all-   1.5 % 3       -none- 21 Smilax rotundifolia Smilax rotundifolia **   Smilax rotundifolia **   Smilax rotundifolia **   Smilax rotundifolia **   Smilax rotundifolia **   Smilax rotundifolia **   Smilax rotundifolia **   Smilax rotundifolia **   -all-   1.5 % 3       -none- 22 Hypericum tubulosum Hypericum tubulosum **   Hypericum tubulosum **   Hypericum tubulosum **   Hypericum tubulosum **   Hypericum tubulosum **   Hypericum tubulosum **   Hypericum tubulosum **   Hypericum tubulosum **   -all-   0.505 % 2       -none- 23 Galium obtusum ssp. obtusum Galium obtusum ssp. obtusum **   Galium obtusum ssp. obtusum **   Galium obtusum ssp. obtusum **   Galium obtusum ssp. obtusum **   Galium obtusum ssp. obtusum **   Galium obtusum ssp. obtusum **   Galium obtusum ssp. obtusum **   Galium obtusum ssp. obtusum **   -all-   0.505 % 2       -none- 24 Coleataenia stipitata Coleataenia stipitata **   Coleataenia stipitata **   Coleataenia stipitata **   Coleataenia stipitata **   Coleataenia stipitata **   Coleataenia stipitata **   Coleataenia stipitata **   Coleataenia stipitata **   -all-   0.505 % 2       -none- 25 Chasmanthium latifolium Chasmanthium latifolium **   Chasmanthium latifolium **   Chasmanthium latifolium **   Chasmanthium latifolium **   Chasmanthium latifolium **   Chasmanthium latifolium **   Chasmanthium latifolium **   Chasmanthium latifolium **   -all-   0.505 % 2       -none- 26 Rosa palustris Rosa palustris **   Rosa palustris **   Rosa palustris **   Rosa palustris **   Rosa palustris **   Rosa palustris **   Rosa palustris **   Rosa palustris **   -all-   0.505 % 2       -none- 27 Leersia virginica Leersia virginica **   Leersia virginica **   Leersia virginica **   Leersia virginica **   Leersia virginica **   Leersia virginica **   Leersia virginica **   Leersia virginica **   -all-   0.505 % 2       -none- 28 Cinna arundinacea Cinna arundinacea **   Cinna arundinacea **   Cinna arundinacea **   Cinna arundinacea **   Cinna arundinacea **   Cinna arundinacea **   Cinna arundinacea **   Cinna arundinacea **   -all-   0.505 % 2       -none- 29 Poa autumnalis Poa autumnalis **   Poa autumnalis **   Poa autumnalis **   Poa autumnalis **   Poa autumnalis **   Poa autumnalis **   Poa autumnalis **   Poa autumnalis **   -all-   0.505 % 2       -none- 30 Carex lurida Carex lurida **   Carex lurida **   Carex lurida **   Carex lurida **   Carex lurida **   Carex lurida **   Carex lurida **   Carex lurida **   -all-   0.505 % 2       -none- 31 Carex radiata Carex radiata **   Carex radiata **   Carex radiata **   Carex radiata **   Carex radiata **   Carex radiata **   Carex radiata **   Carex radiata **   -all-   0.505 % 2       -none- 32 Carex squarrosa Carex squarrosa **   Carex squarrosa **   Carex squarrosa **   Carex squarrosa **   Carex squarrosa **   Carex squarrosa **   Carex squarrosa **   Carex squarrosa **   -all-   0.505 % 2       -none- 33 Lycopus virginicus Lycopus virginicus **   Lycopus virginicus **   Lycopus virginicus **   Lycopus virginicus **   Lycopus virginicus **   Lycopus virginicus **   Lycopus virginicus **   Lycopus virginicus **   -all-   0.505 % 2       -none- 34 Campsis radicans Campsis radicans **   Campsis radicans **   Campsis radicans **   Campsis radicans **   Campsis radicans **   Campsis radicans **   Campsis radicans **   Campsis radicans **   -all-   0.505 % 2       DBH DBH err Ht. Ht. Err # 3.75 cm ± 1.25 cm     1 stem(s) 35 Scirpus georgianus Scirpus georgianus **   Scirpus georgianus **   Scirpus georgianus **   Scirpus georgianus **   Scirpus georgianus **   Scirpus georgianus **   Scirpus georgianus **   Scirpus georgianus **   -all-   0.505 % 2       -none- 36 Geum canadense Geum canadense **   Geum canadense **   Geum canadense **   Geum canadense **   Geum canadense **   Geum canadense **   Geum canadense **   Geum canadense **   -all-   0.505 % 2       -none- 37 Penthorum sedoides Penthorum sedoides **   Penthorum sedoides **   Penthorum sedoides **   Penthorum sedoides **   Penthorum sedoides **   Penthorum sedoides **   Penthorum sedoides **   Penthorum sedoides **   -all-   0.505 % 2       -none- 38 Cornus stricta Cornus stricta **   Cornus stricta **   Cornus stricta **   Cornus stricta **   Cornus stricta **   Cornus stricta **   Cornus stricta **   Cornus stricta **   -all-   0.505 % 2       -none- 39 Viburnum prunifolium Viburnum prunifolium **   Viburnum prunifolium **   Viburnum prunifolium **   Viburnum prunifolium **   Viburnum prunifolium **   Viburnum prunifolium **   Viburnum prunifolium **   Viburnum prunifolium **   -all-   0.505 % 2       -none- 40 Ilex verticillata Ilex verticillata **   Ilex verticillata **   Ilex verticillata **   Ilex verticillata **   Ilex verticillata **   Ilex verticillata **   Ilex verticillata **   Ilex verticillata **   -all-   0.505 % 2       -none- 41 Impatiens capensis Impatiens capensis **   Impatiens capensis **   Impatiens capensis **   Impatiens capensis **   Impatiens capensis **   Impatiens capensis **   Impatiens capensis **   Impatiens capensis **   -all-   0.505 % 2       -none- 42 Juncus effusus Juncus effusus **   Juncus effusus **   Juncus effusus **   Juncus effusus **   Juncus effusus **   Juncus effusus **   Juncus effusus **   Juncus effusus **   -all-   0.505 % 2       -none- 43 Persicaria virginiana Persicaria virginiana **   Persicaria virginiana **   Persicaria virginiana **   Persicaria virginiana **   Persicaria virginiana **   Persicaria virginiana **   Persicaria virginiana **   Persicaria virginiana **   -all-   0.505 % 2       -none- 44 Platanus occidentalis Platanus occidentalis **   Platanus occidentalis **   Platanus occidentalis **   Platanus occidentalis **   Platanus occidentalis **   Platanus occidentalis **   Platanus occidentalis **   Platanus occidentalis **   -all-   0.505 % 2       DBH DBH err Ht. Ht. Err # 37.5 cm ± 2.5 cm     1 stem(s) 45 Vitis cinerea Vitis cinerea **   Vitis cinerea **   Vitis cinerea **   Vitis cinerea **   Vitis cinerea **   Vitis cinerea **   Vitis cinerea **   Vitis cinerea **   -all-   0.505 % 2       -none- 46 Onoclea sensibilis var. sensibilis Onoclea sensibilis var. sensibilis **   Onoclea sensibilis var. sensibilis **   Onoclea sensibilis var. sensibilis **   Onoclea sensibilis var. sensibilis **   Onoclea sensibilis var. sensibilis **   Onoclea sensibilis var. sensibilis **   Onoclea sensibilis var. sensibilis **   Onoclea sensibilis var. sensibilis **   -all-   0.05 % 1       -none- 47 Parthenocissus quinquefolia Parthenocissus quinquefolia **   Parthenocissus quinquefolia **   Parthenocissus quinquefolia **   Parthenocissus quinquefolia **   Parthenocissus quinquefolia **   Parthenocissus quinquefolia **   Parthenocissus quinquefolia **   Parthenocissus quinquefolia **   -all-   0.05 % 1       -none- 48 Lysimachia ciliata Lysimachia ciliata **   Lysimachia ciliata **   Lysimachia ciliata **   Lysimachia ciliata **   Lysimachia ciliata **   Lysimachia ciliata **   Lysimachia ciliata **   Lysimachia ciliata **   -all-   0.05 % 1       -none- 49 Sagittaria australis Sagittaria australis **   Sagittaria australis **   Sagittaria australis **   Sagittaria australis **   Sagittaria australis **   Sagittaria australis **   Sagittaria australis **   Sagittaria australis **   -all-   0.05 % 1       -none- 50 Lobelia cardinalis Lobelia cardinalis **   Lobelia cardinalis **   Lobelia cardinalis **   Lobelia cardinalis **   Lobelia cardinalis **   Lobelia cardinalis **   Lobelia cardinalis **   Lobelia cardinalis **   -all-   0.05 % 1       -none- 51 Elymus riparius Elymus riparius **   Elymus riparius **   Elymus riparius **   Elymus riparius **   Elymus riparius **   Elymus riparius **   Elymus riparius **   Elymus riparius **   -all-   0.05 % 1       -none- 52 Lonicera japonica Lonicera japonica **   Lonicera japonica **   Lonicera japonica **   Lonicera japonica **   Lonicera japonica **   Lonicera japonica **   Lonicera japonica **   Lonicera japonica **   -all-   0.05 % 1       -none- 53 Viola cucullata Viola cucullata **   Viola cucullata **   Viola cucullata **   Viola cucullata **   Viola cucullata **   Viola cucullata **   Viola cucullata **   Viola cucullata **   -all-   0.05 % 1       -none- 54 Glyceria striata var. striata Glyceria striata var. striata **   Glyceria striata var. striata **   Glyceria striata var. striata **   Glyceria striata var. striata **   Glyceria striata var. striata **   Glyceria striata var. striata **   Glyceria striata var. striata **   Glyceria striata var. striata **   -all-   0.05 % 1       -none- 55 Scutellaria lateriflora Scutellaria lateriflora **   Scutellaria lateriflora **   Scutellaria lateriflora **   Scutellaria lateriflora **   Scutellaria lateriflora **   Scutellaria lateriflora **   Scutellaria lateriflora **   Scutellaria lateriflora **   -all-   0.05 % 1       -none- 56 Sisyrinchium angustifolium Sisyrinchium angustifolium **   Sisyrinchium angustifolium **   Sisyrinchium angustifolium **   Sisyrinchium angustifolium **   Sisyrinchium angustifolium **   Sisyrinchium angustifolium **   Sisyrinchium angustifolium **   Sisyrinchium angustifolium **   -all-   0.05 % 1       -none- 57 Smilax bona-nox Smilax bona-nox **   Smilax bona-nox **   Smilax bona-nox **   Smilax bona-nox **   Smilax bona-nox **   Smilax bona-nox **   Smilax bona-nox **   Smilax bona-nox **   -all-   0.05 % 1       -none- 58 Carex intumescens Carex intumescens **   Carex intumescens **   Carex intumescens **   Carex intumescens **   Carex intumescens **   Carex intumescens **   Carex intumescens **   Carex intumescens **   -all-   0.05 % 1       -none- 59 Carex caroliniana Carex caroliniana **   Carex caroliniana **   Carex caroliniana **   Carex caroliniana **   Carex caroliniana **   Carex caroliniana **   Carex caroliniana **   Carex caroliniana **   -all-   0.05 % 1       -none- 60 Carex albolutescens Carex albolutescens **   Carex albolutescens **   Carex albolutescens **   Carex albolutescens **   Carex albolutescens **   Carex albolutescens **   Carex albolutescens **   Carex albolutescens **   -all-   0.05 % 1       -none- 61 Cicuta maculata var. maculata Cicuta maculata var. maculata **   Cicuta maculata var. maculata **   Cicuta maculata var. maculata **   Cicuta maculata var. maculata **   Cicuta maculata var. maculata **   Cicuta maculata var. maculata **   Cicuta maculata var. maculata **   Cicuta maculata var. maculata **   -all-   0.05 % 1       -none- 62 Symphyotrichum lateriflorum Symphyotrichum lateriflorum **   Symphyotrichum lateriflorum **   Symphyotrichum lateriflorum **   Symphyotrichum lateriflorum **   Symphyotrichum lateriflorum **   Symphyotrichum lateriflorum **   Symphyotrichum lateriflorum **   Symphyotrichum lateriflorum **   -all-   0.05 % 1       -none- 63 Mimulus alatus Mimulus alatus **   Mimulus alatus **   Mimulus alatus **   Mimulus alatus **   Mimulus alatus **   Mimulus alatus **   Mimulus alatus **   Mimulus alatus **   -all-   0.05 % 1       -none- 64 Commelina virginica Commelina virginica **   Commelina virginica **   Commelina virginica **   Commelina virginica **   Commelina virginica **   Commelina virginica **   Commelina virginica **   Commelina virginica **   -all-   0.05 % 1       -none- 65 Asimina triloba Asimina triloba **   Asimina triloba **   Asimina triloba **   Asimina triloba **   Asimina triloba **   Asimina triloba **   Asimina triloba **   Asimina triloba **   -all-   0.05 % 1       -none- 66 Ilex opaca var. opaca Ilex opaca var. opaca **   Ilex opaca var. opaca **   Ilex opaca var. opaca **   Ilex opaca var. opaca **   Ilex opaca var. opaca **   Ilex opaca var. opaca **   Ilex opaca var. opaca **   Ilex opaca var. opaca **   -all-   0.05 % 1       -none-
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